Defending Europe

Maritime archaeologist Andy Torbet investigates an ancient sea fortress that was crucial to Finland and military historian Alex Churchill investigates...

How Britain has defended its coastline for nearly a thousand years since the Norman invasion – seeing off threats from Napoleon to Hitler.

The story of how Poland, one of the most invaded countries in Europe, has survived against all the odds.

The story of how the Netherlands, locked in a constant battle with water, has harnessed this threat to become a powerful European player.

Discovering how France constructed ingenious fortifications, on a massive scale, to defend itself against attacks from the east.

The impressive fortifications and defensive strategies used during Spain’s dramatic history of conflict, from the Middle Ages to the Civil War.